I. About Canada Committee 100 Society
The Canada Committee 100 Society (CCS100) is a membership organization dedicated to promoting the best interests of Chinese community in Canada through knowledge and strategy. It is registered as non-partisan and not-for-profit, non-government-organization in Canada.
Purpose
Focused on the Chinese-Canadian community, to provide knowledge to enhance the overall capacity of the community; United with other ethnic groups, to develop strategy to promote the development of an equal, healthy and sustainable Canada.
Vision
Uphold principles of human rights and values of constitutional democracy, cultural diversity, equality and justice as set forth in Canada’s constitution; honor and carry forward the historic tradition of Chinese-Canadian having served the country and communities; Empower Chinese-Canadian to become nation builders of sustainable development of Canada, promoters of community harmony, philanthropists of the underprivileged, and peace-makers of the world.
Mission
Increase cultural awareness and enhance the image of Chinese-Canadian community; Encourage active exercise of democratic rights and constructive engagement in policy making and public life; Promote healthy social development and positive exchange between China and Canada in key areas of politics, economy and culture; Connect with all ethnic groups in a combined effort to contribute to an equal, healthy and sustainable Canada.
Values
Understanding, Acceptance, Integrity, Mutual-support
Visit CCS100 at http://ccs100.ca/
II. About The Survey
Canada Committee 100 Society and the Innovative Research Group jointly conducted this survey of Chinese Canadians in British Columbia about their understandings of the rule of law in Canada in the context of the ongoing controversies regarding the extradition case ofMengWanzhou, Vice President and CFOof Huawei of China.
The arrest of Ms. Meng in Vancouver and its following dramatic development has become a hot topic in the international news. It alsosounded an alarm that there are urgent needs to emphasize the values of the rule of law among Chinese Canadians as well as the general public in Canada. It appears that Chinese community in Canada is sandwiched between Canada and China when Ottawa and Beijing are in a direct confrontation over the case of Ms. Meng. Many Chinese Canadians feel that they are forced to select their position either with Beijing or with Ottawa.
CCS100 believes that Canada is a country under the rule of law and that the Ms. Meng incident is primarily a legal case which should be handled according to the law. In a democratic society, people are free to express different views, andall of us should respect the principles ofthe rule of law. It is wrong to question the national loyalty of Chinese Canadians and assume that they do not share thefundamental values of rule of law in Canada.
CCS100 also believes that Canada will be much stronger if all Canadians share some common fundamental values, rather than divided. Given the multicultural and diversity reality in Canada, the rule of law is the most fundamental value for uniting people of all ethnicities, religions and culture backgrounds.
This opinion survey collects data for assessing the awareness and understanding among Chinese Canadians of key factors of rule of law in Canada in relation to the case of Meng, including constraints on government powers, absence of corruption, civic participation, equality and absence of discrimination, access to justice, and due process in criminal justice. Surveys that represent the full range of backgrounds and experiences of the Chinese Canadian population are rare, and this survey provides a unique opportunity to understand their perspectives on an important case in the public debates.
CCS 100 gratefully acknowledges the funding support from the Province of British Columbia,the partnership of Innovative Research Groupand the generous in-kind contributions of all the experts to this survey.
III. Executive Summary
This is a report on a survey of Chinese Canadians in British Columbia – collecting their views on the rule of law in relation to MengWanzhou’sextradition case. Particularly, the survey asked questions related to Meng’s case to reflect6 key factors of the rule of law,including constraints on government powers, absence of corruption, civic participation, equality and absence of discrimination, access to justice, and due process in criminal justice.
The survey was conducted online from April 18th to April 29, 2019, among Chinese Canadians in BC who are 18 years and older. A total of 413 valid responses were received. The sample is weighted by key demographic,linguistic and immigration attributes from the 2016 Census data so the overall sample’s composition reflects that of the actual population of Chinese Canadians in BC. Despite these corrections, a margin of error will not apply to this survey as a convenience sample of this type is not a traditional survey sample.
The results of a weighted sample of 400 are reported in this analysis. The most interesting findings are:
– Amajority of 57% say the Canadian justice system has treated Meng the same way as anyone else, whichshows that the majority of Chinese Canadians have confidence in the system that Meng has had equal treatment without discrimination.
– Nearly 74% agree that Meng has had fair access to legal representation, which is a strong indication of confidence in fair access to justice and the legal profession in Canada.
– Over a half (55%) are inclined to say that Meng’s constitutional rights have been respected throughout the process, indicating that they have a positive opinion about Canada’s legal process in its handling of Meng’s case.
– An overwhelming 83% agree that “in Canada, the public can express their views about Meng’s case openly and freely,” which is a strong indication of the belief in the freedom of expression in Canada.
– It is significant that more respondents say they support the government’s decision not to intervene Meng’s case than those who say oppose (54% vs. 15%), that is a clear indication of Chinese Canadians views regarding the judicial independence and restraints on government powers.
– Nearly a half say: “If the courts recommend Meng’s extradition, the federal government should approve the courts’ decision in order to uphold the rule of law in Canada,” while only about 31% are inclined to suggest:“the government should not approve the courts’ decision to avoid hurting Canada’s relationship with China”.Clearly, the majority Chinese-Canadians see taking a principled approach of upholding the rule of law is more important than worrying about the potential negative impact on the relationship between the two countries.
– A 58% majority are inclined to say both “upholding the rule of law and protecting human rights” and “promoting economic development and trade”are equally important, which seems to suggest that the majority of Chinese Canadiansare inclined to say that Canada should take a more balanced and less confrontational approach when facing difficulties in its relations with China.
IV. 报告摘要
本研究报告是专门针对加拿大卑诗省华裔的民意调查结果分析。本次调查旨在了解华裔对于围绕孟晚舟引渡案件中体现的法治问题的看法，重点是关于法治的六个关键因素：对政府权力的限制；消除腐败；公民对公众事务的参与；平等及消除歧视；司法救济；刑事司法的程序正当。
本调查采用网上问卷方式进行，调查对象为卑诗省华裔，调查时间为2019年4月18-29日。共收到有效问卷413份。抽样样本参照2016年人口普查显示的人口、语言和移民等关键要素进行了加权处理，因此回复问卷的人口样本代表卑诗省华裔的实际人口分布。尽管对数据进行了加权处理，但是此调查属非传统的抽样调查，故无法提供样本误差估计。
调查结果的分析基于400份加权样本。其中最为有趣的发现包括：
– 有57%相信加拿大司法体系对待孟晚舟与其他任何人一样，表明大多数华裔对加拿大司法体系有信心，相信孟女士会受到平等对待，不受歧视。
– 近74%认为孟女士享有公平的机会得到代理律师的帮助，表明绝大多数华裔对加拿大司法公平对待和法律专业的信心。
– 超过半数(55%)认为孟女士的宪法权利在司法程序中得到尊重，表明华裔对加拿大处理孟案件的肯定。
– 有83%同意“在加拿大，民众可以自由公开地发表对孟案件的看法”，充分显示了华裔对加拿大言论自由的认同。
– 特别需要强调指出的是，支持加拿大政府不干预孟案件的人数大大超过反对的人数（54%对15%），表明了华裔对司法独立及其约束政府权力的立场。
– 接近一半认为：“如果法庭判决引渡孟，联邦政府应该支持法庭的判决，维护加拿大的法治。”只有31%认为“联邦政府不应该批准法庭的判决，免得伤害中加关系。”不难看出，华裔认为维护法治精神要比避免伤害中加关系更为重要。
– 58%认为“维护法治和保护人权”与“促进经济发展和贸易”同等重要，表明大多数华裔认为加拿大政府面对中加关系难题的时候，做法应多平衡，少冲突。
V. Key Findings
a. Familiarity with the Canadian Justice System
Over a half (53%)of survey respondents say they are either very familiar or somewhat familiar with how the Canadian justice system works, but about 46% respondents feel they are not familiar or not very familiar with the system.
There are notable differences of opinions between various demographic groups. While 63% men say they are familiar with Canada’s justice system, 53% women feel they are not familiar with the system. Those in the age group of 18-24 are more familiar with the justice system than all other age groups, and the percentage gradually drops by age. This seems to suggest that education can make a difference. The number of years of stay in Canada makes the most significant difference. Among those who have stayed in Canada for less than 1 year, no one feels he or she is familiar with the justice system here. In the group lived in Canada for 1-3 year, 28% feel they are very familiar or somewhat familiar with the system. This percentage jumps to 56% in the age group who have stayed for over 3 years.
Considering that the vast majority of Chinese Canadians are first generation immigrants to Canada, although many of them have landed in Canada and become citizens for many years, this indicates that there is still a need of public legal education for first generation immigrants, particularly for newly arrived immigrants.
Q: In Canada, the justice system includes the courts, police officers such as the RCMP, and prosecutors.In general, how familiar are you with how the Canadian justice system works?
b. Familiarity with Meng’s Case
Nearly 75% of respondents say they are familiar with the case of Meng, butonly 1/3 of them can explain the case in detail. This shows that the majority of Chinese Canadians are concerned about the case, but they do not really understand the details. As a result, the public media may shape their opinions in the future, depending on what media they access and what the media reports. Obviously, because of the use of language, the Chinese language media will continue to be influential to the Chinese Canadian population.
Q: As you may know MengWanzhou, the CFO of the Chinese telecommunications company Huawei, is under house arrest in Vancouver and has an upcoming extradition hearing in BC Supreme Court. How familiar are you with Meng’s case?
c. Whether Meng Has Had EqualTreatment without Discrimination?
When asked questions about equality, despite 2/3 of the respondentsdo not think they can explain the case of Meng in detail to others, 57% say the Canadian justice system has treated her the same as anyone else, and only 22% disagree with this statement. These numbers show that the majority of Chinese Canadians have confidence in the system.
Again, there are significant differences among the groups divided by years of stay in Canada. The group with less than 1 year living experience in Canada has the highest percentage of people who believethat Meng has not been treated the same as anyone else, but this percentage drops significantly in the groups who have lived in Canada for more years.
Q: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? – The Canadian justice system has treated Meng the same as anyone else.
d. Whether Meng Has Had Fair Access to Legal Representation?
Nearly 74% of respondents agree that Meng has had fair access to legal representation, whereas the percentage of people who disagree with this assessment is only 5.4%. This is a strong indication of confidence in fair access to justice and the legal profession in Canada, which is an important aspect of due process in the administration of justice.
There are notable age differences. The percentage of respondents agree with the statement of fair access to legal representation increased from 40% in the 18-24 age group to 66-89% in the 35+ age groups. This seems to indication that the 18-24 age group has less experience in dealing with the legal profession in Canada.
Q: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? – Meng has had fair access to legal representation.
e. Whether Meng Has Had Due Process in Criminal Justice?
The 55% majority of the survey respondents are inclined to say thatthey have a positive opinion about Canada’s legal process in its handling of Meng’s case. Interestingly, the percentage of people believing that “throughout the process, Meng’s Constitutional rights have been respected” is higher than all other groups. Only less than 20% disagree.
It is noteworthy that as many as 26.4% of the respondents choose “neither agree nor disagree” or “don’t know” as their answer to this question, whereas some 20% of the respondents make the same choices in answering the two previous questions about whether Meng has received equal treatment and has had fair access to legal representation in Canada’s legal process. These are clear indicators of the need in raising the awareness of Charter rights, equality and legal services.
Again, there are notable differences of opinions between various demographic groups. Men are more likely than women (63% vs 48%) to say that Meng’s constitutional rights have been respected. Overall, the percentages of Chinese Canadians of all age groups who agree with this statement are much higher than those who disagree, andapparently their personal experience has a positive impact. Respondents in the age groups of 35-64 and those who have stayed in Canada for more than a year are more inclined to agree with this statement.
Q: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? – Throughout the process, Meng’s constitutional rights have been respected.
f. Whether ThePublicCan Express Their Views about Meng’s Case Openly and Freely?
As a strong indication of the belief in the freedom of expression in Canada, an overwhelming 83% of survey respondents agree that “in Canada, the public can express their views about Meng’s case openly and freely”. Only slightly more than 5% disagree. This finding contradicts with a wide spread perception that Chinese Canadians are afraid of expressing their true opinions about the case of Meng. The data also seem to suggest that Chinese Canadians in general believe that the diversified opinions regarding the case are really the results of free expression.
Interestingly, those who have stayed in Canada for 1-3 years enjoyan overwhelmingly positive impression (91%) about freedom of expression in Canada. Nevertheless, this impression drops (83%) among those who have been here for more than 3 years. Apparently, exposure to a new environment and freshness of new experience can make a difference in perception.
Q: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? – In Canada, the public can express their views about Meng’s case openly and freely.
g. Should There Be Restraints on Government Power over Meng’s Case?
This question is really about the public opinions among Chinese Canadians regarding judicial independence and restraints on government powers. It is significant that more respondents say they support the government’s decision not to intervene Meng’s case than those who say oppose(54% vs. 15%).
It is alarming that some 15% respondents oppose and another 30% decide not to choose “support” or “oppose”.These numbers seem to suggest that in the minds of many Chinese Canadians judicial independence from political interference remains a question.
There is a notable difference between those who have lived in Canada for more than 1 year and less. The longer the respondents have stayed in Canada, the more likely they would support the Canadian government’s decision not to intervene in Meng’s case. Among the new immigrants with less than 1 year living experience in Canada only 14% support the Canadian government’s decision not to intervene in the judicial process, comparing with the 54-62% support rate among those stayed for over 1 year.
Q: While Meng’s extradition case is still before the court, the Federal Government has not intervened to stop it, citing the importance of following the rule of law. Do you support or oppose the Federal Government’s decision not to intervene?
h. Trade-offs between Canada-China Relation and Upholding The Rule of Law
This question asks about if the courts recommend Meng’s extradition, what final decision the Federal Attorney General and the Minister of Justice should make regarding the extradition. The question is really a test to see whether or not Chinese Canadians believe Canada’s relationship with China is more important than the rule of law. For obvious reasons, this is a difficult choice to many Chinese Canadians who believe in Canada’s system but also consider China their motherland. Significantly, nearly a half of the respondents say: “If the courts recommend Meng’s extradition, the federal government should approve the courts’ decision in order to uphold the rule of law in Canada”, and only about 31% are inclined to suggest that the government should not approve the courts’ decision to avoid hurting Canada’s relationship with China.
Q: If the courts recommend Meng’s extradition, the Federal Attorney General and the Minister of Justice will make the final decision whether to approve Meng’s extradition or not. If the Federal Government is faced with this decision in the future, which of the following statements is closest to your point of view?
i. Trade-offs between Economic Interests and Upholding TheRule of Law
The following question is to test the preference among Chinese Canadians for the rule of law and human rights verses economic development and trade. Interestingly, unlike their answers to all other questions in this survey, only 2.8% of the respondents say they “don’t know” the answer to this question. Those who choose “upholding the rule of law and protecting human rights are more important” to Canada are more than twice the number who favour “promoting economic development and trade is more important”. Significantly, a 58% majority are inclined to say “both are equally important”, which is quite different from the finding of another opinion survey of the general public in Canadawhereby a 62% majority of respondents favour human rights and the rule of law and a 38% minority prefer trade and investment. This seems to suggest that the majority of Chinese Canadiansare inclined to say that Canada should take a more balanced and less confrontational approach when facing difficulties in its relations with China.
Q: When it comes to trade-offs between economic development and upholding the rule of law, which one would you say is more important for Canada?
VI. Conclusion
This report presents the views of Chinese Canadians on the rule of law in relation to MengWanzhou’sextradition case. Historically, voices of Chinese Canadians are often not taken into consideration in policy decisions. The lack of public consultation among this community has led to misunderstanding and, worse still, demonization of Chinese Canadians. Aiming to correct for this under-representation,this study provides a unique opportunity to understand their perspectives on an important case in the public debates.
In addition, the survey results also identify gaps among Chinese Canadians in understanding the rule of law in Canada that: (1) there is a need of public legal education for first-generation immigrants, particularly for youths and newly arrived immigrants;and (2) these are clear indicators of the need in raising the awareness of Charter rights, equality and legal services among all groups.
Clearly, the level of understanding on the rule of law will ultimately have an impact on citizens’ views and levels of supporting the government policies and issues related to the Canada-China relations.Therefore, we recommend the Province of BC and other provinces in Canada to create an education program on the rule of law with the focus on these groups. This will help the Chinese Canadian community and other ethnic groups understand more about the rule of law which is the core of the Canadian values that unites all Canadians together and makes Canada stronger than ever.
Appendix 1: Methodology
This survey was conducted online among Chinese Canadians in BC from April 18th to April 29th, 2019.
Chinese Canadians residing in BC including Canadian citizens, permanent residents, and non-permanent residents, and 18 years of age and older were eligible to participate the survey. Chinese Canadians are defined as those whose ancestors (someone more distant than a grandparent) speak at least one Chinese language/dialect.
Respondents were able to complete the survey in English, Simplified Chinese, or Traditional Chinese.
Respondents were recruited through a wide variety of traditional and non-traditional channels.
Traditional channels include INNOVATIVE’s Canada 20/20 online panel and Lucid, a leading online sample provider. Each panelist was provided with a unique URL via email invitation.
Non-traditional channels include social networks of CCS100 and INNOVATIVE. These sampling methods are complemented by referral sampling, also known as snowball sampling, to increase the representativeness of the sample that would otherwise not be captured in the sample frame and to reduce bias from self-selection.
Recruiting a sample through multiple channels has unknown coverage and is likely subject to non-response biases. To correct for these, INNOVATIVE followed best practices in public opinion research and weighted the sample by key demographic, linguistic and immigration attributes from the 2016 Census data to reflect the Chinese Canadian population in BC. Despite these corrections, a convenience sample of this type is not a traditional scientific survey sample and a margin of error will not apply.
To ensure no respondent entered the survey twice, duplicate responses with the same email address are removed. Among responses identified as duplicates, only the first response will be treated as valid.
To encourage participation, all participants had the chance to enter a prize draw for one of five $100 cash prizes. As is standard in snowball sampling, referring others to the survey earned participants additional prize draw entries.
Appendix 2: Sample Description
The sample is weighted by key demographic, linguistic and immigration attributes from the 2016 Census data so the overall sample’s composition reflects that of the actual population of Chinese Canadians in BC.
Specifically, the sample is weighted by age, gender, region, generation status, period of immigration, citizenship status, their place of birth, their parents’ place of birth if they are second+ generation, mother tongue, and language spoken most often at home.
Weighted and unweighted frequencies of these attributes are reported in the table on the left and on the next page.
| Attributes | Attribute Groups | Unweighted n | Unweighted % | Weighted n | Weighted % |
| Age | 18 to 24 | 28 | 7% | 35 | 9% |
| 25 to 34 | 70 | 17% | 88 | 22% | |
| 35 to 44 | 71 | 17% | 61 | 15% | |
| 45 to 54 | 108 | 26% | 83 | 21% | |
| 55 to 64 | 92 | 22% | 91 | 23% | |
| 65 or older | 44 | 11% | 43 | 11% | |
| Gender | Male | 232 | 56% | 184 | 46% |
| Female | 181 | 44% | 216 | 54% | |
| Region | Vancouver | 128 | 31% | 134 | 34% |
| Richmond | 67 | 16% | 79 | 20% | |
| Burnaby/New West/ Tri Cities |
105 | 25% | 98 | 24% | |
| Rest of LM | 80 | 19% | 59 | 15% | |
| Else in BC | 33 | 8% | 30 | 7% | |
| Generation | First generation | 343 | 83% | 330 | 83% |
| Second+ generation | 70 | 17% | 70 | 18% | |
| Period of Immigration | Before 1981 | 35 | 10% | 48 | 14% |
| 1981 to 1990 | 40 | 12% | 44 | 13% | |
| 1991 to 2000 | 125 | 36% | 101 | 31% | |
| 2001 to 2010 | 82 | 24% | 81 | 25% | |
| 2011 to 2019 | 61 | 18% | 56 | 17% |
| Attributes | Attribute Groups | Unweighted n | Unweighted % | Weighted n | Weighted % |
| Citizenship Status | Citizen | 331 | 80% | 317 | 79% |
| Permanent Resident | 73 | 18% | 61 | 15% | |
| Non-PR | 9 | 2% | 22 | 5% | |
| Place of Birth | Canada | 70 | 17% | 70 | 18% |
| Mainland China | 204 | 49% | 194 | 48% | |
| Taiwan | 56 | 14% | 35 | 9% | |
| Hong Kong | 61 | 15% | 65 | 16% | |
| Other | 22 | 5% | 36 | 9% | |
| Their parents’ place of birth among second+ generation | Canada | 5 | 8% | 10 | 17% |
| Mainland China | 25 | 38% | 25 | 41% | |
| Hong Kong | 10 | 15% | 6 | 11% | |
| Taiwan | 4 | 6% | 2 | 3% | |
| Mainland/HK/TW | 14 | 22% | 9 | 15% | |
| Other places | 12 | 18% | 18 | 30% | |
| Mother Tongue | English | 42 | 10% | 64 | 16% |
| Cantonese | 123 | 30% | 128 | 32% | |
| Mandarin | 197 | 48% | 164 | 41% | |
| Other | 51 | 12% | 44 | 11% | |
| Language Spoken Most Often at Home | English | 113 | 27% | 151 | 38% |
| Cantonese | 84 | 20% | 73 | 18% | |
| Mandarin | 192 | 46% | 156 | 39% | |
| Other | 24 | 6% | 20 | 5% |
Appendix3: Questionnaire (English)
Screening Questions
1. In which province or territory do you currently reside?
01 British Columbia
02 Alberta
03 Saskatchewan
04 Manitoba
05 Ontario
06 Quebec
07 New Brunswick
08 Prince Edward Island
09 Nova Scotia
10 Newfoundland and Labrador
11 Yukon
12 Northwest Territories
13 Nunavut
97 Currently reside outside of Canada
2. Are you a Canadian citizen or a Permanent Resident?
01 Yes – Canadian citizen
02 Yes – Permanent Resident of Canada
03 No
3. What age category do you fall into?
01 Younger than 18
02 18 to 24
03 25 to 34
04 35 to 44
05 45 to 54
06 55 to 64
07 65 or older
Now we would like to ask you about your ancestors. An ancestor is usually amore distant than a grandparent. What language did your ancestors speak? Please select all that apply. [RANDOMIZE]
01 Yes
02 No
98 Not sure
4. English
5. Cantonese
6. Mandarin
7. Min Nan
8. Other Chinese languages/dialects
Core Questions
9. In Canada, the justice system includes the courts, police officers such as the RCMP, and prosecutors. In general, how familiar are you with how the Canadian justice system works?
01 Very familiar
02 Somewhat familiar
03 Not very familiar
04 Not familiar at all
98 Don’t know
10. As you may know MengWanzhou, the CFO of the Chinese telecommunications company Huawei, is under house arrest in Vancouver and has an upcoming extradition hearing in BC Supreme Court. How familiar are you with Meng’s case?
01 Very familiar and can explain the case in detail to others
02 Somewhat familiar, but cannot explain the case in detail to others
03 I’ve heard of the case before, but know very little about it
04 I have not heard of the case before this survey
98 Don’t know
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? [RANDOMIZE]
01 Strongly agree
02 Somewhat agree
03 Neither agree nor disagree
04 Somewhat disagree
05 Strongly disagree
98 Don’t know
11. The Canadian justice system has treated Meng the same as anyone else.
12. Meng has had fair access to legal representation.
13. Throughout the process, Meng’s constitutional rights have been respected.
14. In Canada, the public can express their views about Meng’s case openly and freely.
15. While Meng’s extradition case is still before the court, the Federal Government has not intervened to stop it, citing the importance of following the rule of law. Do you support or oppose the Federal Government’s decision not to intervene?
01 Strongly support
02 Somewhat support
03 Neither support nor oppose
04 Somewhat oppose
05 Strongly oppose
98 Don’t know
16. If the courts recommend Meng’s extradition, the Federal Attorney General and the Minister of Justice will make the final decision whether to approve Meng’s extradition or not. If the Federal Government is faced with this decision in the future, which of the following statements is closest to your point of view? [ROTATE 1 AND 2]
01 If the courts recommend Meng’s extradition, the Federal Government should approve the courts’ decision in order to uphold the rule of law in Canada
02 If the courts recommend Meng’s extradition, the Federal Government should not approve the courts’ decision to avoid hurting Canada’s relationship with China
98 Don’t know
Demographic and Attitudinal Questions
We have a few questions to make sure we are getting a good mix of Chinese Canadians.
As with all of our questions, your answers will remain confidential and will be combined with others to protect your anonymity.
This question is about your own identify, in ethnic or cultural terms. This identity may be the same as that of your parents, grandparents or ancestors or it may be different. What is your ethnic or cultural identity? Please select all that apply. [RANDOMIZE]
01 Yes
02 No
98 Not sure
17. Chinese
18. Taiwanese
19. Hong Konger
20. Canadian
21. Where were you born?
01 Canada
02 Mainland China
03 Taiwan
04 Hong Kong
05 Malaysia
06 Singapore
07 The United States
88 Other (Please specify)
[IF PLACE OF BIRTH IS OUTSIDE CANADA]
22. In what year did you first come to Canada to live? (e.g. 2019)
[IF PLACE OF BIRTH IS CANADA]
23. Where were your parents born? Select up to 2 answers.
01 Canada
02 Mainland China
03 Taiwan
04 Hong Kong
05 Malaysia
06 Singapore
07 The United States
88 Other
24. When it comes to trade-offs between (ROTATE) promoting economic development and trade and upholding rule of law and protecting human rights, which one would you say is more important for Canada?
01 Promoting economic development and trade is more important
02 Upholding rule of law and protecting human rights are more important
03 They both are equally important
98 Don’t know
25. In general, do you support or oppose the government of the People’s Republic of China?
01 Strongly support
02 Somewhat support
03 Neither support nor oppose
04 Somewhat oppose
05 Strongly oppose
98 Don’t know
26. The next few questions ask about your knowledge and use of languages. What is the language that you first learned at home in childhood and still understand?
01 English
02 Cantonese
03 Mandarin
04 Min Nan
05 Other Chinese languages/dialects
88 Other (Please specify)
27. What language do you speak most often at home?
01 English
02 Cantonese
03 Mandarin
04 Min Nan
05 Other Chinese languages/dialects
88 Other (Please specify)
28. Thinking about the media you consume (TV, radio, newspaper (print and online), and social media), what languages do you use?
01 Only Chinese
02 Primarily Chinese and some English
03 An equal mix of Chinese and English
04 Primarily English and some Chinese
05 Only English
We are almost done! This is the second last set of questions.
As with all of our questions, your answers will remain confidential and will be combined with others to protect your anonymity.
29. What is the highest level of education you have completed?
01 High school or less
02 Graduated High School
03 Some Vocational/Technical/College/CEGEP
04 Completed Vocational/Technical/College/CEGEP
05 Some University
06 Graduated University
07 Post Graduate
30. What is your annual household income from all sources before taxes?
01 Less than $40,000
02 $40,000 to less than $60,000
03 $60,000 to less than $80,000
04 $80,000 to less than $100,000
05 $100,000 to less than $150,000
06 $150,000 or more
99 Prefer not to say
31. How would you best describe your employment status?
01 Working in your own business within your home
02 Working in your own business outside of your home
03 Working at an employer’s business full-time
04 Working at an employer’s business part-time
05 Currently unemployed
06 Student
07 Retired
08 Homemaker
32. This last set of questions is for statistical purpose only. What are the first 3 digits of your postal code?
33. Please indicate your gender.
01 Male
02 Female
34. Please indicate your year of birth. (e.g. 2001)
?
Appendix 4: Questionnaire (Chinese)
1目前你在哪个省或地区居住?
01 卑诗省（BC省）
02 亚省
03 萨斯喀彻尔省
04 曼尼托巴
05 安大略省（安省）
06 魁北克省
07 新不伦瑞克省
08 艾德华王子岛省
09 新斯科舍省
10 纽芬兰与拉布拉多省
11 育空地区
12 西北地方
13 努纳武特地区
97 目前不住在加拿大
2您是加国公民或者加拿大永久居民吗？
01 我是加国公民
02 我是加拿大永久居民
03 都不是
3您属於以下哪一年龄组？
01 未满18岁
02 18至24岁
03 25至34岁
04 35至44岁
05 45至54岁
06 55至64岁
07 65岁或以上
现在请问关於您的祖先。祖先通常指祖父母以上的先人。
您的祖先的会说什麽语言? 请选择所有合适的选项。
01 是
02 否
98 不确定
英语
广东话
普通话
闽南话
其他中文语言/方言
谢谢！您现已具备参加本次调查的条件。开始吧！
谢谢！您现已具备参加本次调研的条件。开始吧！
9在加拿大，刑事司法系统包括法院、皇家骑警等警队和检察部门。
一般而言，您对加拿大刑事司法系统的运作有多麽熟悉？
01 非常熟悉
02 有些熟悉
03 不太熟悉
04 完全不熟悉
98 不知道
10您也许知道孟晚舟（中国华为通讯公司CFO），她在温哥华被捕并被羁押，即将面临BC省高级法院的引渡聆讯。对她的案件，您有多熟悉？
01 非常熟悉，而且可以向其他人解释案件的细节
02 有些熟悉，但无法向其他人解释案件细节
03 我在之前听说过这个案件，但是，知之甚少
04 我在这次问卷调查之前从未听说过这个案件
98 不知道
您是否同意以下陈述？
01 强烈同意
02 有些同意
03 既不同意也不反对
04 有些不同意
05 强烈不同意
98 不知道
11加拿大刑事司法系统对待孟晚舟跟其他人是一样的。
12孟晚舟有公正的渠道获得律师代理。
13在办案过程中，孟晚舟的宪法基本权利都受到尊重。
14在加拿大，公众可以公开并自由表达自己对孟晚舟案的意见。
15在孟晚舟的引渡案交给法院审理时，联邦政府没有进行干涉去加以阻止，表达了遵守法治原则的重要性。您支持或反对联邦政府不去干涉的决定吗？
01 强烈支持
02 有些支持
03 既不支持也不反对
04 有些反对
05 强烈反对
98 不知道
16如果法院准许孟晚舟被引渡，联邦总检察长兼司法部长将做出是否批准引渡的最後决定。假设联邦政府将在未来面对这个决定，下述那个陈述最接近您的观点？
01 如果法院准许孟晚舟被引渡，联邦政府应该同意法院的决定，以维护加拿大的法治。
02 如果法院准许孟的引渡，联邦政府不应该同意法院的决定，以免损害中加关系。
98 不知道
我们有一些问题，用来确认我们请到了具有足够代表性的华裔加拿大人。
您所提供的答案都将保密，并将与其他人的答案混在一起，以确保您的匿名
[ZH] 这个问题是关於您在种族或文化背景方面的身份认定。这个身份认定可能跟您的父母、祖父母或祖宗相同，也可能不同。
您的种族或文化身份是什麽？请选择所有合适的选项。
01 是
02 否
98 不确定
17 中国人
18 台湾人
19 香港人
20 加拿大人
21您的出生地是？
01 加拿大
02 中国大陆
03 台湾
04 香港
05 马来西亚
06 新加坡
07 美国
88 其它 [请注明]
22您是哪一年抵达加拿大定居的？
23您父母的出生地是？请选择不多於2个答案。
01 加拿大
02 中国大陆
03 台湾
04 香港
05 马来西亚
06 新加坡
07 美国
88 其它
24提升经济发展、贸易与维护、保障人权比较，您认为其中何者对加拿大更重要？
01 提升经济和发展贸易更重要
02 维护和保障人权更重要
03 它们同等重要
98 不知道
25总体上，您是支持还是反对中华人民共和国政府？
01 强烈支持
02 有些支持
03 既不支持也不反对
04 有些反对
05 强烈反对
98 不知道
以下的几个问题询问您对语言的知识和使用情况。
26您儿时在家最先学习且现在仍然能理解的是哪种语言？
01 英语
02 广东话
03 普通话
04 闽南话
05 其他中文语音/方言
88 其它 [请注明]
27您在家用什麽语言最多？
01 英语
02 广东话
03 普通话
04 闽南话
05 其他中文语音/方言
88 其它 [请注明]
28您用什麽语言看媒体（包括电视、广播、报纸（列印版或者网路版）、以及其他社交媒体）？
01 仅仅是中文
02 主要是中文和一些英语
03 一半中文和一半英语
04 主要是英语和一些中文
05 仅仅是英语
我们快结束了！这是倒数第二页了。
您所提供的答案都将保密，并将与其他人的答案混在一起，以确保您的匿名。
29您的最高学历是？
01 高中以下
02 高中毕业
03 职校/大专院校/技术学校
04 职校/大专院校/技术学校毕业
05 大学
06 大学毕业
07 研究生毕业
30您的家庭年收入属於下面哪个类别？
01 低於 $40,0000
02 $40,000 至 $60,000（不含 $60,000）
03 $60,000 至 $80,000（不含 $80,000）
04 $80,000 至 $100,000（不含 $100,000）
05 $100,000 至 $150,000（不含 $150,000）
06 $150,000 或以上
99 无可奉告
31怎麽描述您的职业状况？
01 自雇在家
02 自雇外出
03 外出全职
04 外出兼职
05 目前失业
06 学生
07 退休
08 家庭主妇
最後，这个系列的问题仅是为了调查目的。
32 您的邮政编号的前三位是数字母是？
33您的性别是…?
01 男性
02 女性
34您的出身年是…?